region_misc
Armenia – Azerbaijan,
Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh),
Libya (opposition),
Syria (Turkey – SDF / Northern Syria),
Turkey (opposition),
Turkey (PKK)
Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh),
Libya (opposition),
Syria (Turkey – SDF / Northern Syria),
Turkey (opposition),
Turkey (PKK)
BICC Human Rights Assessment
critical
BICC Illicit Arms Trade Risk
possibly critical
Conflict Detail Descriptions
Armenia – Azerbaijan:
The violent crisis over contested territories, particularly the Nagorno-Karabakh region, between Armenia and Azerbaijan escalated to a war in 2020 again. Beginning in late September, large-scale fighting broke out. On November 9, a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia was signed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. More than 7 000 People died while around 130 000 People were displaced as a consequence of the conflict. Moreover, Armenia and Azerbaijan accused eachother of using internationally banned weapons several times.,
Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh):
The violent crisis over contested territories, particularly the Nagorno-Karabakh region, between Armenia and Azerbaijan escalated to a war in 2020 again. Beginning in late September, large-scale fighting broke out. On November 9, a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia was signed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. More than 7 000 People died while around 130 000 People were displaced as a consequence of the conflict. Moreover, Armenia and Azerbaijan accused eachother of using internationally banned weapons several times.,
Libya (opposition):
Years after the fall of Ghaddafi during the Arab Spring, Libya is in the midst of a civil war. Since then, government troops on one side and the fighters of General Chalifa Haftar have been facing each other there. The government is supported with arms supplies by Turkey and Qatar, Haftar's troops by Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates and Russia. According to the UN, deliveries have continued since then and the arms embargo against Libya is completely inefficient. The embargo was established due to systematic violation of human rights, including repression of demonstrators by the government.,
Syria (Turkey – SDF / Northern Syria):
The war over subnational predominance and autonomy between Turkey and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (TFSA), on the one hand, and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), militarily led by the People's Protection Units (YPG), on the other, de-escalated to a violent crisis. Throughout the year, clashes between the TFSA, backed by Turkish airstrikes, and SDF continued, leaving at least 237 people dead and 272 injured on both sides, including civilians. Parallel to the fighting, US-mediated talks between the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Kurdish National Council (ENKS) led to a joint agreement on June 17, strengthening and uniting political opposition to the 2019 Turkish invasion.,
Turkey (opposition):
No detailed conflict description by Heidelberg Conflict Barometer,
Turkey (PKK, TAK):
The war over autonomy between the Turkish government, on the one hand, and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), supported by its alleged offshoot, the Kurdistan Freedom Fighters (TAK), on the other, continued. Throughout the year, at least 686 people were killed and 71 injured. Clashes between the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the PKK mostly affected the southeastern Turkish provinces Agri, Van, Hakkari, Sirnak, Siirt, Bitlis, Mus, Mardin, and Hatay, as well as the Iraqi governorates Nineveh, Dohuk, and Erbil.
The violent crisis over contested territories, particularly the Nagorno-Karabakh region, between Armenia and Azerbaijan escalated to a war in 2020 again. Beginning in late September, large-scale fighting broke out. On November 9, a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia was signed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. More than 7 000 People died while around 130 000 People were displaced as a consequence of the conflict. Moreover, Armenia and Azerbaijan accused eachother of using internationally banned weapons several times.,
Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh):
The violent crisis over contested territories, particularly the Nagorno-Karabakh region, between Armenia and Azerbaijan escalated to a war in 2020 again. Beginning in late September, large-scale fighting broke out. On November 9, a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia was signed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. More than 7 000 People died while around 130 000 People were displaced as a consequence of the conflict. Moreover, Armenia and Azerbaijan accused eachother of using internationally banned weapons several times.,
Libya (opposition):
Years after the fall of Ghaddafi during the Arab Spring, Libya is in the midst of a civil war. Since then, government troops on one side and the fighters of General Chalifa Haftar have been facing each other there. The government is supported with arms supplies by Turkey and Qatar, Haftar's troops by Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates and Russia. According to the UN, deliveries have continued since then and the arms embargo against Libya is completely inefficient. The embargo was established due to systematic violation of human rights, including repression of demonstrators by the government.,
Syria (Turkey – SDF / Northern Syria):
The war over subnational predominance and autonomy between Turkey and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (TFSA), on the one hand, and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), militarily led by the People's Protection Units (YPG), on the other, de-escalated to a violent crisis. Throughout the year, clashes between the TFSA, backed by Turkish airstrikes, and SDF continued, leaving at least 237 people dead and 272 injured on both sides, including civilians. Parallel to the fighting, US-mediated talks between the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Kurdish National Council (ENKS) led to a joint agreement on June 17, strengthening and uniting political opposition to the 2019 Turkish invasion.,
Turkey (opposition):
No detailed conflict description by Heidelberg Conflict Barometer,
Turkey (PKK, TAK):
The war over autonomy between the Turkish government, on the one hand, and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), supported by its alleged offshoot, the Kurdistan Freedom Fighters (TAK), on the other, continued. Throughout the year, at least 686 people were killed and 71 injured. Clashes between the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the PKK mostly affected the southeastern Turkish provinces Agri, Van, Hakkari, Sirnak, Siirt, Bitlis, Mus, Mardin, and Hatay, as well as the Iraqi governorates Nineveh, Dohuk, and Erbil.
